MWDT requires function to be declared with argument types.
This PR provides explisitly type cast for out routine
inside z_cbvprintf_impl().
This PR also actual to LLVM-based compilers with strict
rules of compilation. It covers warnings generated with
additional flag -Wincompatible-function-pointer-types-strict.
This fixes https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/issues/74562
Signed-off-by: Nikolay Agishev <agishev@synopsys.com>
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